A couple of years ago, a non-profit called the one-in-nine campaign (one in nine women being an estimate of the proportion of women who are raped in South Africa) launched a public awareness drive regarding rape in South Africa, which was – and still is – a significant problem. Any rape is already a problem, but in South Africa the prevalence of rape is alarmingly high, not to mention perpetrated for a broader range of reasons than in many other places (“corrective” rapes,\u00a0perpetrated\u00a0on lesbians, being the case in point). But in the course of\u00a0their\u00a0laudable campaign, 1-in-9 made the implausible assertion that in South Africa, a woman was more likely to be raped than to learn how to read.<\/p>\n
These sorts of statements are a concern, because as much as we can understand – and applaud – the campaign, it remains true that there are problems other than rape. And while they sometimes need to be ranked, in order to know where to divert attention and other resources, it makes no sense to promote innumeracy while protesting rape<\/a>. Rape is bad enough, and prevalent enough, that a compelling case can be made for giving it serious attention without having to spread misinformation (no matter how well-meaning) about something else. It’s unnecessary, and comes with no gain which can mitigate against the cost, given that education levels are also an enormous problem here.<\/p>\n That’s by way of introduction to the text below, an edited version of a column submitted to the online Daily Maverick. Similarly to the one-in-nine campaign, the recent fulmination around Richard Mourdoch’s comments regarding rape and abortion have also arguably given rise to some well-meaning misinterpretations. To my mind, he’s wrong enough on the relative rights of foetuses vs. adult females, and motivated enough by Bronze Age superstitions, that we can fairly easily discount what he says without having to argue that Mourdock claims things like “God’s plan was for you to be raped”. When we disagree with someone’s views – especially when we disagree strongly – it’s easy for us to interpret their words in the worst possible light. But doing so means sacrificing our commitment to evidence and reason, at least in part, because our biases are now taking centre stage. This, in turn, makes it all the more difficult to call others out on theirs.<\/p>\n ________________________________________________________________________________<\/p>\n It\u2019s not easy to be objective. In fact, it\u2019s close to impossible \u2013 and it might not even be desirable<\/a>. But being objective is not the same thing as being fair to the evidence, which is something we should always strive for. No matter what perspective you think the evidence justifies, you\u2019re not going to get anywhere in persuading someone else of that perspective if they discover that you\u2019re wrong about the facts.<\/p>\n Being right about the facts is itself difficult. Not only because the data we have can sometimes be contradictory, but because our datasets are always incomplete. The facts that contradict any given interpretation might not be known, and worse still, might not even be knowable at a given point in time.<\/p>\n What we can do, though, is to try to acknowledge the biases we do know of, and try to not allow those biases to lead to misrepresentation. Unless you care more about persuasion than being fair, that is. And in politics being fair often seems to take a back seat, because the stakes are high and people might pay attention for just long enough for you to plant some impression in their minds, but rarely for long enough that you could actually engage them in debate.<\/p>\n So, you won\u2019t try talking theology or in this case, theodicy, with regard to Richard Mourdock. Far better to simply assert that he thinks God intends for rape to happen, and for that rape to result in an unwanted pregnancy (which, by his lights, it\u2019s naturally immoral to terminate). That assertion is of course one interpretation of what he said at a recent Indiana Senate debate (see video below), and it\u2019s an interpretation that fits neatly with a stereotype of Mourdock belonging to some disreputable group (whether this means Republicans, men, Christians, or whatever).<\/p>\n But shouldn\u2019t we expect more from ourselves, and from our media? It\u2019s invigorating to have cartoon villains roaming about, to be sure, because it allows for those impassioned speeches at the dinner table, and for us to cast some opposing force as the one who will save us from the approaching menace.<\/p>\n There\u2019s no question that many Republican candidates (most, if you only count the ones we\u2019ve been hearing from) are intent on rolling back the current permissive legal framework around termination of pregnancy. They go further than that in what\u2019s been called the \u201cwar on women\u201d, with suggestions for mandating invasive procedures like transvaginal ultrasounds rather than allowing women to choose other ultrasound methods.<\/p>\n As I\u2019ve argued in previous columns (on Obama\u2019s rejection of the FDA recommendations<\/a> on the morning-after pill, and the Republican \u2018Personhood Pledge\u2019<\/a>), the conservative moral voice does seem to hold a significant influence in American politics, and this influence tends to be exerted to the detriment of reproductive rights. I\u2019ve firmly stated that to my mind the Republican view on this is wrong, and that voters (especially female ones, of course) should oppose these attempts at curtailing their freedom.<\/p>\n But this is because I don\u2019t think a foetus morally significant. If you do \u2013 and perhaps especially if you do for reasons such as the sanctity of life \u2013 it would be unsurprising for you to think that abortions are immoral. And if you did think they were, this attitude would have to be expressed at the cost of women, because women are the ones who bear the full burden of bringing a child to term. So yes, you could cast this as a \u201cwar on women\u201d. Or, you could cast abortion rights as a \u201cwar on unborn children\u201d \u2013 and both would be hyperbolic, false, and eliminate a whole lot of potentially interesting conversation in favour of being able to hurl epithets at each other.<\/p>\n